Category — Self-Improvement

Here we are, another week later with the next part of our PopSci series about green energy alternatives. In June 2009 David Roberts provided an article about Solar development for PopSci.

Solar Panel farm

Here are some of the findings based on what the experts have to say: 

Solar paneling: Nick Kaloterakis and Kevin Hand
The Big Picture: “Solar power” no longer refers just to chunky photovoltaic panels. A variety of tools for turning sunlight into usable energy — thin-film solar, solar thermal, solar heating, and more — are undergoing a burst of technological acceleration. Whether it’s powering an entire housing development or simply heating your house, taken together, their potential is huge

A shortage of low-carbon power sources seems absurd when you consider that a nearby star bathes the planet in 85,000 terawatts of energy every year. We just have to capture it.

The Google-funded start-up eSolar has devised a relatively cheap and efficient form of solar power by refining concentrating solar thermal (CST), in which large mirror arrays focus light to create heat and ultimately electricity. Proponents say CST can make solar cost-competitive with coal within a decade. It is “probably the only thing that can be done at a big enough scale to produce terawatts,” says Bill Gross, eSolar’s CEO.

At the first eSolar power plant, a five-megawatt facility called Sierra situated northeast of Los Angeles, 24,000 mirrors gather the sunlight falling on 20 acres of land and train it on water-filled boiler units perched on top of towers. This creates temperatures of approximately 850°F, producing steam that turns an onsite turbine to generate electricity.

CST has been around since 1980, but in the 1990s a lack of public interest sent it into hibernation. Now public interest is back in a big way, and CST has awoken with a vengeance. One new megawatt of CST hardware was installed worldwide in 2006; in 2007 there were 100. The Earth Policy Institute projects that the installation of CST worldwide will double every 16 months, from 457 megawatts in 2007 to 6,400 megawatts by 2012. At least 13 plants are in advanced planning stages in the U.S.

ESolar’s approach is comparatively cheap because, unlike most of its competitors, which use large, custom-built parabolic mirrors to capture sunlight from all angles, eSolar uses small, flat mirrors, each about the size of a big-screen television. Computerized tracking keeps each mirror focused at the optimal angle throughout the day. The mirrors are easy to manufacture, and it takes just two workers to attach them to relatively light scaffolding on-site. ESolar’s standard 46-megawatt array, which makes enough juice to power about 30,000 homes, occupies only a quarter of a square mile, which will allow the company to avoid the land-use fights that have ensnared other solar companies.

Sierra is a demonstration project, but in February eSolar signed a deal to build 11 46-megawatt plants in the Southwest United States, and it is set to build a full gigawatt’s worth of plants in India. “Efficiency wins in every industry,” Gross says, “and it’s going to win in solar as well.”

Below is an example that solar is not just an opotion for ares with lots of sun. The new BMW museum in Munich, Germany, has a complete solar roof providing surplus energy to the facility as well as the adjacent factory.

BMW Museum Solar Roof

During the last 12 months we have heard a number of influential people, including the president, speak about the coming green economy, green jobs, and alternative energy. Many states have already passed regulations demanding that the powercompanies are generating more energy from alternative sources. New energy legislation is making its way through Congress and the US Senate. What we need to ask ourselves is where the opportunities and hurdles to these ideas can be found.

The United States has amazing potential for solar energy in the Southwest and at the same time the largest area of usable wind in the Midwest. What will be needed for us to harness this amazing richness is a distribution system. In my subscription to the magazine Popular Science I found some interesting material that I want to bring to my readers in the next few weeks. Here is the first part, originally written by David Roberts on 23 June 2009:

Please click on the picture to enlarge and read all the details

New Power Grid

The American electric grid is an engineering marvel, arguably the single largest and most complex machine in the world. It’s also 40 years old and so rickety that power interruptions and blackouts cost the economy some $150 billion a year. The idea of building a connected “smart” grid that can route power intelligently is beyond daunting, no matter how much stimulus money gets thrown at it. But if we want to cut carbon, we have no choice. Today’s grid simply cannot handle a large-scale rollout of the clean-energy sources outlined in this series.

In part that’s because we need new high-voltage power lines to connect parts of the country where renewable resources are abundant (the sunny Southwest deserts, the windy Great Plains) to the cities and suburbs where more people live. But the more fundamental problem is that most renewable power sources don’t behave like fossil-fuel sources — they can’t be turned on and off on demand. Wind farms produce power only when the wind blows; solar, only when the sun shines.

This is problematic, because power demand is twofold: We need “baseload” power that’s predictable and steady, and “peak” power for daily spikes in demand (when, say, everyone arrives home and turns on their air conditioning). Intermittent renewables are not well suited to either. But with more power lines connecting power sources over a broader geographical area, renewables can simulate baseload power. (The wind is always blowing somewhere.) And a smarter grid cleverly shifting power demand around can redirect enough clean electricity to handle it when demand increases suddenly.

Smart Control

The idea behind the smart grid is to embed the system with sensors and computers so that utilities and consumers can precisely control power usage and delivery. Wireless nodes (on substations, transformers and wires) and smart meters (on homes and businesses) will communicate over the Internet to you and your electrical supplier. That way, when everyone turns on the A/C, the electric company can lower the power headed for other appliances, or even draw electricity stored in the battery of your plug-in hybrid, which, when parked, would act as a backup power source.
The Environment, electricity, energy, future of energy, july 2009, power, power grids, smart grids
Rebuilding the entire grid and all its components could cost trillions, and it will require the coordinated efforts of hundreds of state and regional agencies, power-plant owners and electrical utilities. But the smart grid is already appearing piecemeal. By 2012, Southern California Edison, one of the country’s largest electrical utilities, will install 5.3 million smart meters throughout San Diego and Los Angeles that will tell homeowners exactly how much power they’re using at any given time — an important first step.
The city of Boulder, Colorado, will soon finish building the country’s first smart grid, with smart metering and a variety of sustainable energy sources. And President Obama’s stimulus package includes $11 billion for smart-grid technology, to be used for research and demonstration projects.

Finally, a smart grid and a new network of high-voltage power lines to support it will make rolling brownouts a thing of the past. Let’s get to it.

One of my most favorite authors, Thomas Freidman, from the New York Times recently wrote an opinion piece about the situation in Iran and how oil plays a large role in any revolution since the beginning of the 20th century.

While we are trying to figure out how to overcome the current economic and fiscal crisis in the United States, another crisis is growing in the 5th largest oil exporting country in the world, Iran. It would be foolish for me to try to write what Friedman expresses so brilliantly. Here is what he wrote on June 23rd, 2009

There has been a lot of worthless chatter about what President Barack Obama should say about Iran’s incipient “Green Revolution.” Sorry, but Iranian reformers don’t need our praise. They need the one thing we could do, without firing a shot, that would truly weaken the Iranian theocrats and force them to unshackle their people. What’s that? End our addiction to the oil that funds Iran’s Islamic dictatorship. Launching a real Green Revolution in America would be the best way to support the “Green Revolution” in Iran.

Oil is the magic potion that enables Iran’s turbaned shahs — “Shah Khamenei” and “Shah Ahmadinejad” — to snub their noses at the world and at many of their own people as well. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad behaves like someone who was born on third base and thinks he hit a triple. By coincidence, he’s been president of Iran during a period of record high oil prices.

So, although he presides over an economy that makes nothing the world wants, he can lecture us about how the West is in decline and the Holocaust was a “myth.” Trust me, at $25 a barrel, he won’t be declaring that the Holocaust was a myth anymore.

The Obama team wants to pursue talks with Iran over its nuclear program, no matter who wins there. Fine. But the issue is not talk or no talk. The issue is leverage or no leverage. I love talking to people — especially in the Middle East — on one condition: that we have the leverage. As long as oil prices are high, Iran will have too much leverage and will be able to resist concessions on its nuclear program. With oil at $70 a barrel, our economic sanctions on Iran are an annoyance; at $25, they really hurt.

“People do not change when you tell them they should; they change when they tell themselves they must,” observed Michael Mandelbaum, the Johns Hopkins University foreign policy specialist. And nothing would tell Iran’s leaders that they must change more than collapsing oil prices.

Mr. Obama has already started some excellent energy-saving initiatives. But we need more. Imposing an immediate “Freedom Tax” of $1 a gallon on gasoline — with rebates to the poor and elderly — would be a triple positive: It would stimulate more investment in renewable energy now; it would stimulate more consumer demand for the energy-efficient vehicles that the reborn General Motors and Chrysler are supposed to make; and, it would reduce our oil imports in a way that would surely affect the global price and weaken every petro-dictator.

That is how — as Bill Maher likes to say — we make the bad guys “fight all of us.”
Sure, it would take time to influence the regime, but, unlike words alone, it will have an impact. I believe in
“The First Law of Petro-Politics,” which stipulates that the price of oil and the pace of freedom in petrolist states — states totally dependent on oil exports to run their economies — operate in an inverse correlation. As the price of oil goes down, the pace of freedom goes up because leaders have to educate and unleash their people to innovate and trade. As the price of oil goes up, the pace of freedom goes down because leaders just have to stick a pipe in the ground to stay in power.

Exhibit A: the Soviet Union. High oil prices in the 1970s suckered the Kremlin into propping up inefficient industries, overextending subsidies, postponing real economic reforms and invading Afghanistan. When oil prices collapsed to $15 a barrel in the late 1980s, the overextended, petrified Soviet Empire went bust.
In a 2006 speech entitled “The Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia,” Yegor Gaidar, a deputy prime minister of Russia in the early 1990s, noted that “the timeline of the collapse of the Soviet Union can be traced to Sept. 13, 1985. On this date, Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani, the minister of oil of Saudi Arabia, declared that the monarchy had decided to alter its oil policy radically. The Saudis stopped protecting oil prices, and Saudi Arabia quickly regained its share in the world market.

“During the next six months,” added Gaidar, “oil production in Saudi Arabia increased fourfold, while oil prices collapsed by approximately the same amount in real terms. As a result, the Soviet Union lost approximately $20 billion per year, money without which the country simply could not survive.”

If we could bring down the price of oil, the Islamic Republic — which has been buying off its people with subsidies and jobs for years — would face the same pressures. The ayatollahs would either have to start taking subsidies away from Iranians, which would only make the turbaned shahs more unpopular, or empower Iran’s human talent — men and women — and give them free access to the learning, science, trade and collaboration with the rest of the world that would enable this once great Persian civilization to thrive without oil.

Let’s get serious: An American Green Revolution to end our oil addiction — to parallel Iran’s Green Revolution to end its theocracy — helps us, helps them and raises the odds that whoever wins the contest for power, there will have to be a reformer. What are we waiting for?

As often before, I totally agree. The eco-conscious pioneers I am working with and new ones we hope to attract will do their part to move the green revolution forward. Please join us - together we can make a difference!

This post has been provided by my good friend Debbie Zachry

20 June 2009 

Plan Designed by Leading Architect to Revive Staggering Economy-
As the market recession rolls on, the housing industry is one of the many trades at a standstill. Founded by distinguished architect Edward Mazria, Architecture 2030 is a “One Year 4.5 Million Jobs Investment Plan” to help America invest in green homes building and revamp present homes to make them more energy efficient.

A place to start

Mazria claims that the private building division is the biggest solution toward enlivening the United States economy and creating green jobs, as the industry accounts for about 10 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product. Construction produces demand in every division of the economy such as wholesale, retail, distribution, manufacturing, constructing, banking, development and professional services; utilizing expensive products such as rubber, steel, glass, insulation, lumber, electrical appliances, heating/cooling appliances, fabrics, paint, windows, tile and metal.
Apart from tax credit incentives applied to first time home purchasers, the $787 billion stimulus funds didn’t do much to support the housing market; causing many American residential home builders to feel the impact of layoffs. The Architecture 2030 Plan entails energy efficiency incentive grant offerings to “buy down the interest rate” on home mortgages used to buy new energy efficient homes or to remodel exisiting homes, proposing a 1 percent full interest rate buydown for a new home that uses 50 percent less energy than present energy standards, or a home energy modification that would lower energy consumption of an already existing residence to 30 percent below current requirements.

For example, if your mortgage interest rate quote is 4.75 percent, the plan would offer an interest buydown which would lower the interest rate a full percentage point, to 3.75 percent. The Architecture 2030 Plan is one of intelligence and fervor which may possibly guide the way out of America’s lingering recession; we can only wait to see how the Obama Administration and Congress respond to this powerful proposal.

My German heritage and close ties to friends and family in Germany allow me to stay in touch on topics regarding the issues of sustainability, business, and economics, besides other subjects. Every once in a while I receive some amazing documents (in German) that are worth translating and bring to the attention of my readers and followers.

Solar Roof of BMW-Welt

As we have heard over and over again in the media, the world is suffering from recession and a global economic crisis. The impact of this crisis is different from country to country, and region to region, mainly because the systems of commerce are different. When Americans can pile up credit card debt across multiple cards from Visa, Master Card, and American Express, purchases made with credit cards by German customers are paid in full directly from their bank accounts at the end of each month. There is no such thing like credit card debt.

Similarly, there was no real housing bubble in Europe, except for Britain, which uses a similar system like the United States. Still, economies across the globe are suffering and one of the biggest impacts has come to the auto-industry.

Double-Cone Munich

We have all read and heard the stories about GM and Chrysler. All the money that was provided by the US government ultimately didn’t avoid bankruptcy for both of these former giants. Now the question is: What shall we do and what should we safe? Where does it make sense to spend more tax payer money?

A highly respected German magazine (Focus Money) recently compiled a special edition looking into the impact of alternative energy industries, specifically solar energy. Compared to the sunshine state, or places like Arizona, Nevada, Utah, California, and New Mexico, among others, Germany is not particularly blessed with sunshine. Still it is dominating the world market in solar technology.

World Sunshine Distribution Map

Here are some perplexing facts from the special edition of Focus Money:

• While more than $11 Billion have been spend to support Opel (a GM subsidiary) and pay for new car incentive programs directly by German tax payers, government funds are provided to energy companies (similar to PG&E or Edison) to subsidize the generation of green power only when system actually produce.
• There are now more jobs in Green Technology in Germany (1.2 Million) than in all engineering firms (approximately 1 Million) and the automobile industry (about 760.000).
• The cost for an average household to pay for the government subsidies to green energy generation is 1 cent per KW/h on the utility bill.
• The prices for solar system installed on privates homes fall 8% - 9% per year while the companies providing the systems still keep a profit margin of 20% plus.
• The solar and green technology industry is growing, even in the current crisis, while all other industries are either contracting or stagnating
• Investments in technology and research pay huge dividends. While wages in Germany are high compared to competitors in China and India, the German systems have top market share because they focus on quality and efficiency versus lower prices.
• A recent test solar system at the cutting edge of research produced a world record efficiency of 41% while typical systems in use reach 15- 17% efficiency.

In comparison to what has been happening in solar energy research and system installations in Europe, the US market is still very small. Wind energy installations have caught up by annual installation standards, although they have been hampered by the fact that US banks don’t lend money but use government handouts to prop up their balance sheets, something that doesn’t just apply for alternative energy companies, but all businesses and even private home owners who want to get financing.

Today Market Watch reported that it has never been harder to receive a small business loan in the US than it is in the current environment.

We will need a modern and successful auto industry in the future. That makes it sensible to provide some funding for it, provided the money will be used to find new approaches, new technologies, and new systems to protect the environment. At the same time it is important to realize that we should pay way more attention to modern technologies like solar, wind, and others.

The regions and countries we have traditionally competed with, like Germany, Britain, Italy, etc. have a huge lead in these technologies, and they are joined faster and faster by countries like China, India, and Japan.

There is nothing wrong with having more people employed inventing new solar and wind systems, installing them, and providing all the services related to them, than will ever again work in the US auto industry. Yes, the workers in these companies will use cars and trucks to get to work and back home. If we want to be successful and competitive in the future, our focus should shift and our funds should be spend where the potential is high, like solar, wind, wave energy, etc.

Preserving the old industries is like hoping to regain economic leadership with steam engines and horse buggies. That wouldn’t have worked in the 20th century, and hoping to use the broken auto industry to restart the economy will not work now.

We will know that we are on the right track when the cars we drive generate part of the green, clean energy, that power our houses, together with solar panels and other suitable systems.